E487 - Natriumlaurylsulfat

Origin

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), also known as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is a synthetic anionic surfactant. It is derived from fatty alcohols, typically obtained from petroleum or plant-based sources like coconut or palm oil. The production process involves sulfation of dodecyl alcohol followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.

Usage

In the food industry, SDS is approved as an emulsifier, foaming agent, and wetting agent. It is used in very limited applications due to its potential toxicity. It can be found in egg white products to aid whipping and foam stabilization. SDS is more commonly used in non-food applications such as detergents, shampoos, toothpaste, and cosmetics due to its excellent cleaning and foaming properties. Its ability to reduce surface tension makes it useful in various industrial processes as well. The permitted levels in food are strictly regulated.

Side Effects

While SDS is considered safe in very low concentrations in food, ingestion of larger amounts can cause gastrointestinal irritation, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Skin contact can lead to irritation and dermatitis in some individuals. There is some debate regarding the potential for SDS to cause more serious health issues, but regulatory bodies generally consider it safe at the levels permitted in food. The EFSA has not established a specific ADI for SDS as a food additive, reflecting its limited use and the availability of alternative emulsifiers. However, its use is strictly controlled to minimize potential risks.

Regulatory Status

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is permitted as a food additive in some countries under specific conditions and at limited concentrations. Regulatory bodies like the FDA and EFSA evaluate the safety of SDS based on available scientific data. The permitted levels are set to ensure that consumer exposure remains well below levels that could cause adverse health effects. The use of SDS in food is more restricted compared to its widespread use in cosmetic and cleaning products.