E519 - Kupfersulfat

Origin

Copper sulphate (CuSO₄) is an inorganic salt formed by treating copper oxide with sulfuric acid. It exists as a series of compounds that differ in their degree of hydration. The pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) is the most common form. It occurs naturally as the mineral chalcanthite. Industrially, it is produced by dissolving copper metal or copper oxide in sulfuric acid.

Usage

In the food industry, copper sulphate is primarily used as a processing aid, specifically as a mordant in vegetable processing and as a component in some sanitizing solutions. It can also be used as a feed additive for animals. Its antimicrobial properties contribute to its use in controlling bacterial and fungal growth. However, its use in food is strictly regulated due to its potential toxicity. Copper sulphate is also used in agriculture as a fungicide and herbicide.

Side Effects

Copper sulphate can be toxic if ingested in large quantities. Symptoms of copper sulphate poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In severe cases, it can lead to liver damage, kidney damage, and even death. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established guidelines for copper intake to minimize the risk of adverse health effects. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) for copper is generally considered to be around 0.1 mg/kg body weight. However, the amount of copper sulphate used in food processing is carefully controlled to ensure that it does not pose a health risk to consumers. Individuals with Wilson's disease, a genetic disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the body, should avoid copper sulphate.

Regulatory Status

Copper sulphate is permitted for use as a food additive in some countries, but its use is strictly regulated. The European Union permits its use as a processing aid under specific conditions. The United States FDA regulates copper sulphate as a food additive and specifies the conditions under which it can be safely used. Regulations typically specify the maximum permitted levels of copper in food products to ensure consumer safety. EFSA has evaluated the safety of copper compounds, including copper sulphate, and established safe levels of intake.