E417 - Tarakernmehl

Origin

Tara gum is a natural polysaccharide gum derived from the endosperm of the seeds of the Tara tree (Caesalpinia spinosa), a legume native to Peru and other parts of South America. The Tara tree grows well in dry climates and at high altitudes. The gum is obtained by mechanically separating the endosperm from the seed, followed by milling.

Usage

Tara gum is primarily used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in the food industry. It exhibits similar properties to guar gum and locust bean gum, and it can often be used as a substitute or in combination with these gums. It is used in a variety of food products, including ice cream, dairy products, sauces, dressings, baked goods, and processed fruits and vegetables. Tara gum contributes to the texture, viscosity, and stability of these products, preventing syneresis (water separation) and improving overall mouthfeel. The typical usage level ranges from 0.1% to 1.0% depending on the application. It is also used in animal feed, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Side Effects

Tara gum is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food. Studies have shown that it is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and any unabsorbed gum is fermented by gut bacteria. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating or flatulence, especially with high consumption levels. However, these effects are generally transient and not considered serious. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 'not specified' for Tara gum, indicating that it poses no health hazard at levels necessary to achieve the desired technological effect in food.

Regulatory Status

Tara gum is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the European Union, it is designated as E417. Regulations specify the permitted uses and maximum levels in various food categories. The FDA considers it GRAS. It is also subject to purity criteria established by regulatory bodies to ensure its safety and quality.