E559 - Aluminiumsilicat

Origin

Aluminium silicate, also known as kaolin, is a naturally occurring mineral composed of aluminium, silicon, and oxygen. It is derived from the weathering of aluminium-rich rocks and minerals, such as feldspar. The specific form used in food applications is typically a highly purified version of kaolin.

Usage

In the food industry, aluminium silicate is primarily used as an anti-caking agent. It helps to prevent powdered or granular food products from clumping together, ensuring free flow and ease of handling. Common applications include table salt, powdered sugar, spices, and instant coffee. The permitted levels are usually specified by food regulations and are kept to a minimum necessary to achieve the desired anti-caking effect. It can also be used as a carrier for other food additives.

Side Effects

Aluminium silicate is generally considered safe for consumption at the levels typically used in food. However, excessive intake of aluminium compounds has been linked to potential health concerns, particularly related to neurotoxicity and bone health. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established a group ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) of 0-1 mg/kg body weight for aluminium from all sources. This ADI covers aluminium from food additives, drinking water, and other dietary sources. It's important to note that individuals with kidney problems may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of aluminium accumulation. While aluminium silicate itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, long-term exposure to high levels should be avoided. Some studies suggest a possible link between high aluminium exposure and Alzheimer's disease, although the evidence remains inconclusive. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has re-evaluated the safety of aluminium from dietary sources and has emphasized the need to minimize exposure.

Regulatory Status

Aluminium silicate (E559) is permitted as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union and the United States. However, its use is subject to specific regulations regarding purity, maximum levels, and permitted food categories. In the EU, its use is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. The FDA in the US regulates it under specific sections of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), depending on the specific application.