E222 - Bisulfite de sodium

Origin

Sodium bisulphite (E222) is an inorganic salt formed by reacting sulfur dioxide with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. It exists as a white crystalline powder with a sulfurous odor. It is a sulphite.

Usage

Sodium bisulphite is primarily used as a preservative, antioxidant, and bleaching agent in the food and beverage industry. It inhibits microbial growth, prevents enzymatic browning, and maintains the color and texture of various food products. Common applications include: preserving fruit juices, dried fruits, and vegetables; preventing discoloration in processed potatoes; acting as a dough conditioner in baking; and sterilizing brewing equipment. It is also used in winemaking to inhibit undesirable microbial growth and to bind acetaldehyde. Furthermore, sodium bisulphite finds applications in the textile, paper, and photography industries as a reducing agent and bleaching agent.

Side Effects

Sulphites, including sodium bisulphite, can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Symptoms may range from mild skin irritation and hives to severe asthma attacks and anaphylaxis. Individuals with asthma are particularly susceptible. The FDA requires that foods containing 10 ppm or more of sulphites must declare their presence on the label. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-0.7 mg/kg body weight for sulphites, expressed as sulfur dioxide. Overconsumption of sulphites can lead to gastrointestinal distress in some individuals. It can also destroy thiamine (Vitamin B1).

Regulatory Status

Sodium bisulphite (E222) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, the United States, and Canada. Regulations govern the maximum permitted levels in various food products to ensure consumer safety. In the EU, it is subject to specific purity criteria and labeling requirements as outlined in Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. In the US, it is regulated by the FDA under 21 CFR Part 182 as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.