E340ii - Phosphate dipotassique

Origin

Dipotassium phosphate (DKP) is an inorganic salt formed by the reaction of phosphoric acid with two equivalents of potassium hydroxide. It exists as a white, hygroscopic powder or granules. It is commercially produced by neutralizing phosphoric acid with potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide. The resulting solution is then evaporated to crystallize the dipotassium phosphate.

Usage

Dipotassium phosphate is a versatile food additive with several applications. It functions as a buffering agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. In processed foods, it helps to maintain a stable pH, preventing undesirable changes in acidity or alkalinity during storage and processing. It also improves the texture and consistency of foods by stabilizing proteins and preventing coagulation. DKP is used in dairy products, processed meats, baked goods, and powdered beverages. It also acts as a nutrient supplement, providing essential potassium and phosphorus. In non-food applications, it is used in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and as a laboratory reagent.

Side Effects

Dipotassium phosphate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory agencies when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has not established a numerical Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for phosphate salts, including dipotassium phosphate, as they are naturally occurring substances and essential nutrients. However, excessive consumption of phosphates can lead to imbalances in mineral metabolism, particularly affecting calcium absorption. Individuals with kidney disease should exercise caution, as they may have difficulty excreting excess phosphates, potentially leading to hyperphosphatemia. High phosphate levels can contribute to cardiovascular problems and bone disorders. While rare, allergic reactions to phosphate salts are possible. The EFSA re-evaluated phosphates in 2019 and established a group ADI of 40 mg/kg bw/day expressed as phosphorus for the sum of phosphates added to food. This ADI applies to the total intake of phosphates from food additives.