銅クロロフィル

Origin

E141 encompasses copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins. Chlorophylls are natural pigments found in green plants and algae, responsible for photosynthesis. Chlorophyllins are derived from chlorophyll through the removal of the magnesium ion and phytol side chain, typically by alkaline hydrolysis. The addition of copper stabilizes the molecule, enhancing its heat and light stability, making it suitable for use as a food colorant. Copper chlorophyll complexes are more stable than natural chlorophyll.

Usage

E141 is used as a green food coloring agent. It is found in a variety of food products, including: sweets, confectionery, beverages, dairy products, processed fruits and vegetables, and some savory snacks. Its primary function is to impart a green color or enhance the existing green hue of the food product. The copper complexes are preferred over natural chlorophyll due to their superior stability during food processing and storage. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has re-evaluated the safety of copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins as a food additive and established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 15 mg/kg bw/day expressed as the sum of copper chlorophyll and copper chlorophyllin.

Side Effects

Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins are generally considered safe for consumption at the levels typically used in food. The EFSA has established an ADI, indicating a level of intake that is considered safe over a lifetime. However, excessive intake of copper can lead to adverse health effects. The EFSA opinion indicates that exposure estimates are below the ADI. Allergic reactions to E141 are rare. The presence of copper is the main concern, but the levels are controlled to ensure safety.

Regulatory Status

E141 is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) and many other countries. The use of E141 is regulated by specific purity criteria and maximum usage levels in different food categories. These regulations are designed to ensure that consumer exposure to copper from this source remains within safe limits. The European Commission establishes and updates regulations concerning food additives, including E141, based on scientific advice from EFSA.