E380 - Triammonium citrate

Origin

Triammonium citrate is the ammonium salt of citric acid. It is produced by neutralizing citric acid with ammonia. Citric acid itself is a naturally occurring organic acid found in citrus fruits, but is commercially produced by fermentation of sugars using *Aspergillus niger*. The ammonia used in the production is synthesized industrially.

Usage

Triammonium citrate is used in the food industry primarily as an acidity regulator, buffering agent, and emulsifier. It helps to control the pH of food products, preventing spoilage and maintaining desired texture and flavor. It can also act as a sequestrant, binding to metal ions and preventing them from causing undesirable reactions in food. It is found in a variety of processed foods, including cheeses, baked goods, and beverages. It is also used in some pharmaceutical applications.

Side Effects

Triammonium citrate is generally considered safe for consumption at levels typically used in food. Citrates are naturally present in the body and are involved in metabolic processes. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has not established a numerical Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for citrates, indicating their low toxicity. However, excessive consumption of ammonium salts may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals. There are no significant concerns regarding carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, or reproductive toxicity at typical levels of exposure.