E420ii - Sorbitol syrup

Origin

Sorbitol syrup is a water solution of sorbitol, a sugar alcohol (polyol). It is commercially produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of glucose. The glucose is typically derived from corn starch, but other starches can also be used. The hydrogenation process converts the glucose into sorbitol. The resulting solution is then purified and concentrated to form sorbitol syrup.

Usage

Sorbitol syrup is widely used in the food industry as a humectant, sweetener, and texturizer. As a humectant, it helps to retain moisture in food products, preventing them from drying out. It is also used as a sugar substitute, particularly in products marketed to diabetics or those seeking to reduce their sugar intake, as it has a lower caloric value than sucrose. Sorbitol syrup contributes to the texture and mouthfeel of various food items, including baked goods, confectionery, and processed foods. It is also used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Side Effects

Sorbitol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory bodies when consumed in moderate amounts. However, excessive consumption of sorbitol can lead to gastrointestinal distress, including bloating, gas, and diarrhea. This is because sorbitol is poorly absorbed in the small intestine, and the unabsorbed sorbitol is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine, producing gas and causing osmotic effects that draw water into the gut. Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) may be particularly sensitive to sorbitol. The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is not specified by JECFA, indicating a high margin of safety when used as intended. However, products containing significant amounts of sorbitol are often required to carry a warning about potential laxative effects.

Regulatory Status

Sorbitol is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, it is designated as E420(ii) when in syrup form. Regulations govern the purity and labeling requirements for sorbitol in food products. The FDA considers sorbitol GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.