E1102 - Glukose-Oxidase

Origin

Glucose oxidase (GOx) is an enzyme derived from certain species of fungi, most commonly *Aspergillus niger* and *Penicillium*. It is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose into D-glucono-1,5-lactone, which then hydrolyzes to gluconic acid. The enzyme is produced commercially through fermentation processes.

Usage

Glucose oxidase is widely used in the food industry for various purposes. It is employed as an oxygen scavenger in packaged foods, preventing oxidation and extending shelf life. This is particularly useful in beverages, sauces, and mayonnaise. GOx is also used in baking to improve dough strength and volume by cross-linking gluten proteins. In the production of dried egg products, it removes glucose to prevent browning reactions during storage. Furthermore, it finds application in diagnostic tests, such as glucose monitoring strips for diabetics, where it reacts with glucose in blood samples to produce a measurable signal.

Side Effects

Glucose oxidase is generally considered safe for use in food. It is a naturally occurring enzyme, and the amounts used in food processing are typically very small. No significant adverse health effects have been reported from its consumption. However, individuals with allergies to *Aspergillus niger* or *Penicillium* may experience allergic reactions, although this is rare due to the purification processes involved in enzyme production. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has not established a numerical Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for glucose oxidase, indicating its low toxicity.

Regulatory Status

Glucose oxidase is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, it is designated as E1102. Regulatory bodies like the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have evaluated its safety and established guidelines for its use in food production. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in the United States when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.