E226 - Calcium sulphite

Origin

Calcium sulphite (E226) is an inorganic salt formed by the reaction of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with sulfur dioxide. It is a member of the sulphite family of food preservatives. It appears as a white powder.

Usage

Calcium sulphite is primarily used as a preservative in the food and beverage industry. Its main function is to prevent microbial growth and enzymatic browning, thereby extending the shelf life of various products. It is commonly used in the production of beer, where it inhibits the growth of wild yeasts and bacteria. It is also used in fruit and vegetable processing to maintain color and prevent spoilage. Other applications include the preservation of fruit juices, syrups, and certain canned goods. The amount used is regulated to ensure consumer safety. As a reducing agent, it can remove oxygen and prevent oxidation. It is also used in winemaking.

Side Effects

Sulphites, including calcium sulphite, can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Symptoms may range from mild skin irritation and hives to more severe reactions such as asthma attacks and anaphylaxis. Individuals with sulfite oxidase deficiency are particularly susceptible. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-0.7 mg of total sulphites per kg of body weight. Regulatory bodies mandate that foods containing more than a certain level of sulphites must be labeled accordingly to inform consumers of their presence.

Regulatory Status

Calcium sulphite (E226) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including those in the European Union. Its use is regulated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and is subject to specific limits in various food categories. In the United States, sulphites are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. However, the FDA requires that the presence of sulphites be declared on food labels if the concentration exceeds 10 parts per million (ppm).