E341ii - Dicalcium phosphate

Origin

Dicalcium phosphate (DCP) is an inorganic compound with the formula CaHPO₄. It exists in anhydrous (CaHPO₄) and dihydrate forms (CaHPO₄·2H₂O). It is produced by reacting calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid. It also occurs naturally in minerals such as monetite. Commercially, it is manufactured by reacting calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid under controlled conditions to precipitate the dicalcium phosphate.

Usage

Dicalcium phosphate is widely used in the food industry as a firming agent, a leavening agent, and a source of calcium. It is found in baked goods, cereals, and processed foods. It is also used as a dietary supplement to increase calcium intake. In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as a tableting agent. Furthermore, it is used in animal feed as a mineral supplement. In toothpastes, it acts as a polishing agent. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated dicalcium phosphate and considers it safe for use in food at permitted levels. There is no numerical Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) specified, as it is considered a source of calcium and phosphate, essential nutrients.

Side Effects

Dicalcium phosphate is generally considered safe for consumption at levels typically found in food. Excessive intake of calcium and phosphate can lead to hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, respectively, particularly in individuals with impaired kidney function. These conditions can cause various health problems, including calcification of soft tissues and kidney stones. However, such effects are rare with normal dietary intake. Individuals with kidney problems should consult with their healthcare provider before taking dicalcium phosphate supplements.