E472e - Mono- and diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

Origin

E472e, also known as DATEM (diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides), is a synthetic food additive. It is produced by esterifying mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids with diacetyl tartaric acid. The fatty acids used in the production can be derived from both vegetable and animal sources. The mono- and diglycerides are typically produced from edible oils and fats.

Usage

DATEM is primarily used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and dough strengthener in the food industry. It is commonly found in baked goods, such as bread, cakes, and pastries, where it improves dough handling, increases loaf volume, and enhances crumb structure. It is also used in products like coffee whiteners, ice cream, and salad dressings to improve texture and stability. DATEM helps to create a more homogenous mixture of oil and water-based ingredients, preventing separation and improving the overall quality of the food product. The typical usage levels vary depending on the application, but are generally in the range of 0.3% to 0.8% of the flour weight in baked goods.

Side Effects

DATEM is generally considered safe for consumption at levels typically used in food. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of "not specified," meaning that, based on available data, the intake of DATEM at levels necessary to achieve the desired technological effect does not represent a health concern. Some studies have indicated potential effects on liver and kidney function at very high doses in animal models, but these doses are far above those encountered in human food consumption. As with any food additive, some individuals may experience sensitivities or allergic reactions, although these are rare.

Regulatory Status

DATEM is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, it is designated as E472e. Regulations specify the purity criteria and conditions of use for DATEM in various food applications. The FDA in the United States regulates DATEM under specific sections of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), outlining its permitted uses and limitations.