E500i - Sodium carbonate

Origin

Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), also known as washing soda, soda ash, and soda crystals, is an inorganic compound. It is commercially produced through the Solvay process, which involves reacting sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. It can also be mined from naturally occurring deposits of trona ore, which is then refined.

Usage

Sodium carbonate is widely used in the food industry as a pH regulator, raising agent, and stabilizer. It can be found in baked goods to help with leavening, in beverages to control acidity, and in processed foods to maintain texture and stability. It's also used in the production of noodles to give them a characteristic texture. In cleaning products it is used as a water softener. It is also used in the manufacture of glass, chemicals, and paper.

Side Effects

Sodium carbonate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory bodies when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) 'not specified' for sodium carbonate and other sodium salts. High concentrations can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Ingestion of large amounts may lead to gastrointestinal distress. However, these effects are unlikely to occur from typical food uses.

Regulatory Status

Sodium carbonate is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. It is regulated under various food additive regulations, specifying the conditions of use and maximum levels permitted in different food categories. In the EU, it is listed under E500(i).