E500iii - Sodium sesquicarbonate

Origin

Sodium sesquicarbonate is a naturally occurring double salt of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. It can also be produced synthetically. Its chemical formula is Na₂CO₃·NaHCO₃·2H₂O. It exists as colorless or white crystals.

Usage

Sodium sesquicarbonate is used in a variety of applications, including as a buffering agent, a cleaning agent, and a water softener. In food, it can be used as a pH regulator and a leavening agent. It's also found in bath salts and detergents. Its alkalinity helps in cleaning and its buffering capacity helps maintain a stable pH in various formulations. It is often used in taxidermy to prevent the rotting of skins.

Side Effects

Sodium sesquicarbonate is generally considered safe for use in food and other applications when used as directed. However, like other alkaline substances, it can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract if exposure is prolonged or concentrated. Ingestion of large amounts may cause gastrointestinal irritation. There is no established ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for sodium sesquicarbonate, as it is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.

Regulatory Status

Sodium sesquicarbonate is permitted for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States and the European Union. In the EU, it is designated as E500iii. Regulations specify the conditions of use and maximum levels permitted in certain food categories. The FDA generally recognizes it as safe (GRAS) for specific uses.