E478 - Lactylierte Fettsäureester von Glycerin und Propan-1

Origin

E478, Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1,2-diol, is a synthetic food additive. It is produced by esterifying a mixture of glycerol and propane-1,2-diol with fatty acids, followed by lactylation. The fatty acids used are typically of vegetable or animal origin. The glycerol and propane-1,2-diol components are derived from chemical synthesis or fermentation processes. The lactylation process involves the addition of lactic acid to the fatty acid esters, which improves their emulsifying properties.

Usage

E478 functions primarily as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food products. It helps to blend oil and water phases, preventing separation and improving the texture and consistency of foods. It is used in a variety of applications, including baked goods, confectionery, dairy products, and processed foods. Specific uses include improving the volume and crumb structure of bread, stabilizing whipped toppings, and preventing fat bloom in chocolate. The typical usage levels vary depending on the application but are generally within the range of 0.5% to 2.0% of the final product weight.

Side Effects

The safety of E478 has been evaluated by various regulatory bodies. The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) of the European Commission established a group ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) of 0-50 mg/kg body weight for glycerol esters of fatty acids, including E478. This ADI is based on the available toxicological data, which indicate a low level of toxicity. At high doses, some studies have reported mild gastrointestinal effects, but these are not considered significant at the levels typically consumed in food. There are no known significant allergic reactions associated with E478. However, individuals with sensitivities to lactic acid or fatty acids should exercise caution. The additive is generally considered safe for most people when consumed within the established ADI.

Regulatory Status

E478 is permitted for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. It is also approved for use in several other countries, including the United States, although the specific regulations and permitted uses may vary. In the EU, the use of E478 is subject to specific conditions of use and maximum levels, as specified in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. The additive must also comply with purity criteria established in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012, which sets out specifications for food additives.