E496 - Sorbitantrioleat

Origin

Sorbitan trioleate (E496) is a non-ionic surfactant derived from sorbitol, oleic acid, and their anhydrides. Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol found naturally in some fruits, but it is commercially produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of glucose. Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid commonly found in vegetable oils and animal fats. The esterification of sorbitol and oleic acid results in sorbitan esters, and further esterification leads to sorbitan trioleate.

Usage

E496 is primarily used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and defoamer in various food applications. It helps to blend oil and water phases in food products, preventing separation and maintaining a consistent texture. It is often found in products such as baked goods, processed foods, and confectionery. Sorbitan trioleate is also used in non-food applications, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products, where its surfactant properties are beneficial. In food, it is used in small quantities to achieve the desired effect.

Side Effects

Sorbitan trioleate is generally considered safe for consumption at the levels typically used in food. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has evaluated sorbitan esters, including sorbitan trioleate, and has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-25 mg/kg body weight for sorbitan esters collectively. This ADI encompasses sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan trioleate. At high concentrations, some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort. However, adverse effects are rare at the levels used in food products. As with any food additive, individuals with specific sensitivities or allergies should exercise caution.

Regulatory Status

Sorbitan trioleate (E496) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including those within the European Union. It is subject to regulatory limits and specifications to ensure its safe use in food products. Regulations specify the maximum permitted levels in different food categories. In the United States, sorbitan trioleate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under specific conditions of use.