E638 - Natriumaspartam

Origin

Ammonium glycyrrhizate is a salt of glycyrrhizic acid, which is extracted from the roots of the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It is a naturally occurring compound. The ammonium salt is created to improve its solubility and functionality as a food additive.

Usage

Ammonium glycyrrhizate is used as a flavour enhancer, sweetener, and foam stabilizer in various food and beverage products. It is significantly sweeter than sucrose (table sugar), approximately 50-100 times sweeter. It also possesses flavour-modifying properties, enhancing the perception of sweetness and masking undesirable bitter or metallic aftertastes. It is used in confectionery, baked goods, beverages (especially low-calorie or sugar-free options), and savory products like sauces and seasonings. It can also be found in tobacco products.

Side Effects

Excessive consumption of glycyrrhizic acid, and therefore ammonium glycyrrhizate, can lead to a condition known as pseudoaldosteronism. This condition mimics the effects of excess aldosterone, leading to sodium and water retention, potassium loss, elevated blood pressure, and potentially muscle weakness. The severity of these effects depends on the amount consumed and individual susceptibility. Regulatory bodies have established guidelines for safe intake levels to minimize these risks. Individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular or kidney conditions should exercise caution. The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.015 mg/kg body weight for glycyrrhizic acid.

Regulatory Status

Ammonium glycyrrhizate (E638) is permitted for use as a food additive in many countries, including those in the European Union. Its use is regulated, with maximum permitted levels specified for different food categories. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated the safety of glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, including ammonium glycyrrhizate. Regulations vary by region, so it's essential to consult local food additive regulations for specific limitations and permitted uses.