E352ii - Calcium hydrogen malate

Origin

Calcium hydrogen malate is a calcium salt of malic acid. Malic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid found in many fruits, especially apples. Commercially, malic acid can be produced synthetically through the hydration of fumaric acid or maleic anhydride. Calcium hydrogen malate is then produced by reacting malic acid with a calcium source, such as calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate.

Usage

E352ii, Calcium hydrogen malate, is used in the food industry primarily as an acidity regulator and firming agent. It can be found in a variety of processed foods, including canned fruits and vegetables, beverages, and bakery products. It helps to maintain the desired pH level, preventing spoilage and preserving the texture of the food. As a firming agent, it interacts with pectins in fruits and vegetables, contributing to their structural integrity. The typical usage levels vary depending on the application, but are generally within the range permitted by regulatory bodies.

Side Effects

Calcium hydrogen malate is generally considered safe for consumption at levels typically used in food. Malic acid, the parent compound, is a natural component of many foods. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 'not specified' for malic acid and its salts, meaning that, based on available data, the intake of these substances at levels necessary to achieve the desired technological effect in food does not represent a health concern. However, excessive consumption of foods containing high levels of malic acid may, in theory, lead to mild gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature at typical food additive levels.

Regulatory Status

Calcium hydrogen malate (E352ii) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) and is listed in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. It is also permitted for use in food in other countries, subject to local regulations. The additive must comply with purity criteria specified in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. In the United States, malic acid and its salts are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.