E905a - mineral oil

Origin

E905a, also known as mineral oil, paraffin oil, or liquid paraffin, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless oil derived from petroleum. It is obtained through the distillation of crude oil, followed by purification processes to remove potentially harmful aromatic hydrocarbons. The resulting mineral oil is a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons.

Usage

Mineral oil is used in a wide range of applications in the food industry. It functions primarily as a lubricant, release agent, and protective coating. It can be applied to baking pans to prevent sticking, used as a component of protective coatings for fruits and vegetables to extend shelf life by reducing moisture loss, and employed as a lubricant in machinery used in food processing. It is also sometimes used as a dust suppressant for grains.

Side Effects

The safety of mineral oil as a food additive has been extensively evaluated. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for mineral oil. However, concerns exist regarding the potential accumulation of mineral oil in the body, particularly in the liver and lymph nodes, with long-term exposure to high levels of certain types of mineral oils. Highly refined mineral oils, such as those meeting the purity standards for food use, are considered to pose a lower risk. Some studies have suggested potential adverse effects on nutrient absorption with very high intakes. Regulatory limits are in place to restrict the amount of mineral oil allowed in food products to minimize potential health risks.

Regulatory Status

Mineral oil is permitted for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States and the European Union, subject to specific purity criteria and maximum usage levels. Regulations vary by region and application. In the EU, its use is regulated under Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 laying down specifications for food additives listed in Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The FDA regulates mineral oil under various sections of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), depending on the specific use.