E313 - Ethyl gallate

Origin

Ethyl gallate is a synthetic ester derived from gallic acid and ethanol. Gallic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic acid found in various plants, including tea leaves, oak bark, and sumac. The esterification process combines gallic acid with ethanol to produce ethyl gallate.

Usage

Ethyl gallate is primarily used as an antioxidant in food products. It helps to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils, which can lead to rancidity and off-flavors. It is particularly effective in preserving the quality and extending the shelf life of foods containing fats and oils. It is also used in some pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications for its antioxidant properties. The typical concentration used in food products is relatively low, usually within the range of 0.01% to 0.1%.

Side Effects

Ethyl gallate is generally considered safe for consumption at the levels typically used in food. The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have evaluated gallates, including ethyl gallate, and have established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-0.5 mg/kg body weight for the sum of propyl, octyl, and dodecyl gallates. While specific ADI for ethyl gallate alone is not explicitly defined, it falls under the general gallate ADI. Some individuals may exhibit sensitivity to gallates, potentially leading to mild gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions. However, such reactions are rare.

Regulatory Status

Ethyl gallate is permitted for use as a food additive in several countries, including those within the European Union. Its use is regulated by specific food additive legislation that outlines the permitted levels and applications. In the EU, it is listed as E313. The regulatory status ensures that its use is controlled and monitored to ensure consumer safety. Regulations may vary slightly between different regions and countries, so it is important to refer to local food additive regulations for specific details.