E518 - Magnesiumsulfat

Origin

Magnesium sulphate, also known as Epsom salt, is an inorganic salt containing magnesium, sulphur, and oxygen, with the formula MgSO₄. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate sulphate mineral epsomite (MgSO₄·7H₂O), commonly called Epsom salt. It occurs naturally in mineral form and can be synthetically produced by reacting magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate with sulphuric acid. Large deposits exist worldwide, particularly in regions with evaporite deposits.

Usage

In food, magnesium sulphate is used as a firming agent, flavour enhancer, and processing aid. It can be found in various food products, including tofu (as a coagulant), processed vegetables, and baked goods. It contributes to the texture and stability of certain foods. It is also used in brewing to adjust the mineral content of the water and enhance enzyme activity during mashing. Magnesium sulphate is also used medicinally as a laxative and anticonvulsant.

Side Effects

Magnesium sulphate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. Excessive consumption can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, including diarrhea and abdominal cramping, due to its osmotic effect. In individuals with impaired kidney function, high doses of magnesium sulphate can lead to hypermagnesemia, a condition characterized by elevated magnesium levels in the blood, which can cause neurological and cardiovascular complications. The EFSA has not established a specific ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for magnesium sulphate used as a food additive, as magnesium is an essential nutrient. However, intake should be within tolerable upper intake levels for magnesium from all sources.

Regulatory Status

Magnesium sulphate (E518) is permitted as a food additive in the European Union under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. In the United States, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for specific uses in food processing, as outlined in 21 CFR Part 182. It is also approved for use in organic food production under certain conditions.