E163d - Pélargonidine

Origin

Pelargonidin is a naturally occurring anthocyanidin, a type of plant pigment belonging to the flavonoid family. It is responsible for the orange-red hues found in many fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Common sources include strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, red radishes, and kidney beans. Pelargonidin is extracted from these natural sources for use as a food coloring.

Usage

As a food additive, pelargonidin (E163d) is primarily used as a coloring agent. It imparts a range of red and orange shades to food and beverage products. It is often used in fruit preparations, confectionery, beverages, and other processed foods where a red or orange color is desired. The stability of pelargonidin as a colorant is influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of other compounds. It tends to be more stable in acidic conditions.

Side Effects

Anthocyanins, including pelargonidin, are generally considered safe for consumption. Extensive research suggests that they possess antioxidant properties and may offer various health benefits. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated the safety of anthocyanins as food additives. While specific ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) values may vary depending on the overall regulatory context and specific anthocyanin mixtures, anthocyanins as a group are not typically associated with significant adverse effects at levels normally consumed in food. However, as with any food additive, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or sensitivities. No specific side effects are strongly associated with pelargonidin itself, but general caution is advised for individuals with known sensitivities to other anthocyanins or flavonoid compounds.

Regulatory Status

Pelargonidin, as part of the E163 (Anthocyanins) group, is permitted for use as a food coloring in the European Union under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. The use levels are generally dictated by Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), meaning the amount added should be no more than is necessary to achieve the desired coloring effect. Regulations may vary in other countries, so it's essential to check local food additive regulations.