E161c - Cryptoxanthine

Origin

Cryptoaxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It is found in various plants, algae, and microorganisms. Significant sources include fruits like oranges, tangerines, papaya, and egg yolks. It is a provitamin A carotenoid, meaning the body can convert it into vitamin A (retinol).

Usage

As a food additive, cryptoaxanthin (E161c) is used as a coloring agent. It imparts a yellow to reddish-orange hue to food products. It's primarily employed in applications where a natural source of color is desired. Specific uses include coloring margarine, pasta, fruit juices, and confectionery. Beyond its coloring properties, cryptoaxanthin contributes to the nutritional value of food due to its provitamin A activity. It also possesses antioxidant properties, potentially offering health benefits by scavenging free radicals.

Side Effects

Cryptoaxanthin is generally considered safe for consumption at levels typically used in food. As a carotenoid, excessive intake can lead to carotenodermia, a harmless yellowing of the skin. This condition is reversible upon reducing carotenoid consumption. There are no known significant adverse health effects associated with cryptoaxanthin consumption at levels approved for use in food. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-2 mg/kg body weight for total carotenoids including beta-carotene and cryptoaxanthin. However, specific regulations and limitations may vary by country.

Regulatory Status

Cryptoaxanthin (E161c) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) and other countries. Its use is regulated under specific food additive regulations, which define the permitted food categories and maximum usage levels. These regulations are designed to ensure that the additive is used safely and effectively. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated the safety of carotenoids, including cryptoaxanthin, and established acceptable intake levels.