E172i - Oxyde de fer noir

Origin

Black iron oxide (E172i) is a synthetic pigment produced from iron compounds. It is essentially iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4), also known as magnetite. The manufacturing process involves the precipitation of iron salts under controlled conditions to obtain particles of the desired size and purity. It is a mineral found in nature, but the form used as a food additive is synthetically produced to ensure purity and consistency.

Usage

E172i is used as a black coloring agent in a variety of food products. It is employed to impart a dark or black hue to items such as confectionery, bakery products, coatings, and decorations. Its primary function is to enhance the visual appeal of food. The amount used is typically very small, as it is a potent coloring agent. It is also used in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical products as a coloring agent.

Side Effects

Black iron oxide is generally considered safe for use in food when consumed within acceptable limits. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has evaluated iron oxides and established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 'not specified', meaning that, based on available data, the total dietary intake of the substance arising from its use at levels necessary to achieve the desired technological effect does not represent a hazard to health. However, excessive consumption of iron can lead to iron overload, which can cause adverse health effects. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. Regulatory bodies like the EFSA and FDA monitor its use to ensure safety.

Regulatory Status

E172i is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including those in the European Union and the United States. It is subject to regulations that specify the maximum permitted levels in different food categories. In the EU, it is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. In the United States, it is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under Title 21 CFR Part 73. The regulatory status ensures that the additive is used safely and effectively.