微晶纤维素

Origin

Cellulose (E460) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. It is the primary structural component of plant cell walls. Food-grade cellulose is typically derived from wood pulp or cotton. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), also designated as E460(i), is a purified, partially depolymerized form of cellulose. Powdered cellulose, E460(ii), is another form of cellulose used in food.

Usage

Cellulose and its derivatives are widely used in the food industry as thickeners, stabilizers, anti-caking agents, and bulking agents. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is used to improve texture, prevent caking, and control crystal growth in various food products. Powdered cellulose is used as a filler in low-calorie foods, a binder in tablets, and a fiber source in baked goods. Specific applications include use in processed cheeses, ice cream, salad dressings, baked goods, and dietary supplements. It can also be found in meat products and imitation dairy products.

Side Effects

Cellulose is generally considered safe for consumption. It is not readily absorbed by the human digestive system and is largely excreted in the feces. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of "not specified" for cellulose, indicating that, at the levels used in food, it does not pose a health risk. However, excessive consumption of cellulose, particularly in individuals not accustomed to high-fiber diets, may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea. There are no known significant allergic reactions associated with cellulose consumption.

Regulatory Status

Cellulose (E460) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, it is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. The FDA regulates cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose under 21 CFR 182.90 and 21 CFR 172.898, respectively, as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) substances when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.