E160aiv - Algencarotine

Origin

Algal carotenes (E160aiv) are natural pigments extracted from various species of algae, primarily *Dunaliella salina*. This microalga is known for its ability to accumulate high concentrations of beta-carotene and other carotenoids under specific environmental conditions, such as high salinity and light intensity. The extraction process typically involves cell disruption, solvent extraction, and purification steps to isolate the desired carotenoid fraction.

Usage

Algal carotenes are used as a natural food coloring agent, providing a range of yellow to orange hues. They are added to various food products, including beverages, baked goods, confectionery, dairy products, and processed foods. Beyond their coloring properties, algal carotenes also contribute to the nutritional value of foods as a source of provitamin A (beta-carotene), which the body can convert into vitamin A. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids are also beneficial. They are also used in dietary supplements.

Side Effects

Algal carotenes are generally considered safe for consumption. Beta-carotene, the main component of algal carotenes, has a long history of safe use in foods. However, excessive intake of beta-carotene from supplements (not food) may lead to carotenemia, a harmless condition characterized by yellowing of the skin. No adverse health effects have been linked to the use of algal carotenes as a food additive at permitted levels. EFSA has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-5 mg/kg body weight for beta-carotene from all sources.

Regulatory Status

Algal carotenes (E160aiv) are approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union (EU) and the United States. In the EU, their use is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. The permitted levels of use vary depending on the food category. In the United States, beta-carotene derived from algae is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and is regulated under the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).