E232 - Natriumorthophenylphenol

Origin

Sodium orthophenyl phenol, also known as sodium o-phenylphenate or sodium 2-phenylphenolate, is a synthetic compound. It is the sodium salt of orthophenylphenol. It is manufactured through a chemical process involving the reaction of orthophenylphenol with a sodium base.

Usage

E232 is primarily used as a fungicide and disinfectant. Its main application in the food industry is as a post-harvest treatment for fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits, apples, and pears. It helps to prevent mold and fungal growth during storage and transportation, extending the shelf life of these products. It is applied as a coating or dip. It is also used in industrial applications as a disinfectant and preservative in various products, including cleaning agents and textiles.

Side Effects

While E232 is approved for use in certain applications, there are concerns regarding its potential toxicity. Studies have shown that orthophenylphenol, the parent compound, can have carcinogenic effects in animal studies, particularly affecting the bladder. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-0.2 mg/kg body weight for orthophenylphenol and its salts, including sodium orthophenyl phenol. Regulatory bodies monitor the levels of E232 in treated foods to ensure they remain within safe limits. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions upon contact with E232. Due to potential health concerns, its use is restricted or banned in some countries.

Regulatory Status

The use of E232 is regulated by various food safety authorities worldwide. In the European Union, its use is permitted as a preservative for surface treatment of citrus fruit, apples, pears, peaches, plums, tomatoes and peppers. The permitted levels are defined in EU regulations. The US FDA also regulates its use as a fungicide on certain fruits and vegetables. However, regulations and permitted uses can vary significantly between countries. Consumers should check local regulations and product labels for specific information.