E219 - Phb-methylester-natriumsalz (natriummethyl-p-hydroxybenzoat)

Origin

Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, also known as sodium methylparaben, is a synthetic preservative. It is the sodium salt of methylparaben, a paraben ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Parabens are widely used as preservatives in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics due to their antimicrobial properties. E219 is produced by the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide.

Usage

E219 is primarily used as a preservative in food products to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and molds, thereby extending shelf life. It is particularly effective against molds and yeasts. It is used in a variety of food products, including baked goods, beverages, jams, jellies, and processed fruits and vegetables. The typical usage levels vary depending on the application and regulatory limits. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as a preservative.

Side Effects

While generally considered safe at permitted levels, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to parabens, including skin irritation, contact dermatitis, and other hypersensitivity reactions. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-10 mg/kg body weight for methyl-, ethyl-, and propylparabens (individually or in combination). Regulatory bodies like the EFSA and FDA have also established limits for its use in food and cosmetic products. Studies have shown that parabens can mimic estrogen, but the estrogenic activity is weak.

Regulatory Status

Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (E219) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, the United States, and Australia. Regulations specify the maximum permitted levels in various food categories. In the EU, it is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. The FDA regulates it under 21 CFR Part 184 as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.