Fettsäureester der Ascorbinsäure - Palmitinsäureascorbylester

Origin

E304 encompasses a group of additives formed by esterifying ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) with fatty acids. The most common forms are ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbyl stearate. These esters are synthesized chemically by reacting ascorbic acid with the corresponding fatty acid, typically derived from vegetable oils. The fatty acid component provides the molecule with lipophilic (fat-soluble) properties, enhancing its ability to dissolve in fats and oils.

Usage

Ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbyl stearate are primarily used as antioxidants in food products. Their fat-soluble nature makes them particularly effective in preventing the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby retarding rancidity and preserving flavor and color. They are commonly found in vegetable oils, shortenings, margarine, fried foods, and vitamin supplements. They can also be used to stabilize vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins. The typical usage levels are relatively low, generally ranging from 0.01% to 0.1% of the food product. They are also used in cosmetics and personal care products for their antioxidant properties.

Side Effects

Ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbyl stearate are generally considered safe for consumption. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient, and fatty acids are natural components of the diet. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 'not specified' for ascorbyl palmitate, meaning that, based on available data, the intake of ascorbyl palmitate at levels necessary to achieve the desired technological effect does not represent a health concern. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort with very high doses, but this is rare at typical usage levels in food. There are no significant concerns regarding carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, or reproductive toxicity at normal levels of exposure.

Regulatory Status

Ascorbyl palmitate (E304) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. Regulations specify the types of foods in which it can be used and the maximum permitted levels. In the EU, it is listed under permitted antioxidants. The FDA includes ascorbyl palmitate on its list of substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as an antioxidant in food.