E331iii - Trinatriumcitrat

Origin

Trisodium citrate is the trisodium salt of citric acid. Citric acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found in citrus fruits like lemons and limes. Industrially, it is produced by fermentation of carbohydrate sources such as molasses or corn syrup using *Aspergillus niger*.

Usage

Trisodium citrate is widely used in the food and beverage industry as an acidity regulator, buffer, emulsifier, and sequestrant. It helps to control the pH of food products, preventing them from becoming too acidic or basic. It is also used as an emulsifier in cheese products, preventing the separation of fats. As a sequestrant, it binds to metal ions, preventing them from reacting with other components in the food and causing discoloration or off-flavors. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anticoagulant and to control the pH of medications. It is also used in detergents and cleaning products.

Side Effects

Trisodium citrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory agencies like the FDA. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 'not specified', meaning that at the levels typically used in food, it does not pose a health risk. However, excessive consumption of trisodium citrate may lead to mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. High doses can potentially affect electrolyte balance, but this is rare with typical food usage. Individuals with kidney problems should exercise caution, as excessive citrate intake could potentially exacerbate their condition.

Regulatory Status

Trisodium citrate is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, it is designated as E331iii. It is subject to regulations regarding its purity and use levels in different food products. The FDA considers it GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.