E435 - Polyoxyethylen-Sorbitanmonostearat

Origin

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, also known as polysorbate 60, is a synthetic emulsifier produced by ethoxylating sorbitan monostearate. Sorbitan monostearate itself is derived from sorbitol (a sugar alcohol) and stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid). The ethoxylation process involves reacting sorbitan monostearate with ethylene oxide, which adds polyethylene glycol chains to the molecule. The number 60 in the name refers to the approximate number of ethylene oxide units added.

Usage

E435 is primarily used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and dispersing agent in a wide range of food products. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients, preventing separation and improving the texture and consistency of foods. Common applications include baked goods (cakes, bread, pastries), ice cream, frozen desserts, imitation dairy products, salad dressings, sauces, and processed foods. It is also used in some cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.

Side Effects

Polysorbate 60 is generally considered safe for consumption at permitted levels. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-25 mg/kg body weight for polysorbates, including polysorbate 60. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating or diarrhea, if they consume large amounts. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. Some studies have raised concerns about the potential for polysorbates to affect gut microbiota, but more research is needed to fully understand these effects.

Regulatory Status

E435 is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Regulations specify the maximum permitted levels in various food categories. In the EU, it is subject to the general provisions laid down in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. In the United States, it is regulated under the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 21, Part 172.836.