E503i - Ammoniumcarbonat

Origin

Ammonium carbonate (E503i) is an inorganic salt with the formula (NH₄)₂CO₃. It was traditionally produced by the dry distillation of nitrogenous organic matter, such as horns, hair, and other waste products. Today, it is manufactured synthetically by combining carbon dioxide and ammonia. It is a white solid that readily decomposes to ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating.

Usage

In the food industry, ammonium carbonate serves primarily as a leavening agent. It is used in baked goods, such as cookies, crackers, and biscuits, where a quick release of gas is desired to create a light and airy texture. Upon heating, it decomposes into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water, all of which are gases that contribute to the leavening process. Unlike baking soda or baking powder, ammonium carbonate leaves no alkaline residue, which can be advantageous in certain recipes. It is also used as an acidity regulator. The use levels are self-limiting, as excessive amounts will impart an ammonia flavor to the product. It is also used in smelling salts and as a component in some fire extinguishers.

Side Effects

Ammonium carbonate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. There is no established Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) by regulatory bodies like the EFSA or FDA, implying that it poses minimal risk when used at levels necessary to achieve its intended effect. However, ingestion of large quantities can cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. The primary concern is the release of ammonia, which can be irritating to the respiratory system if inhaled in high concentrations. Individuals with known sensitivities to ammonia should avoid products containing ammonium carbonate.