E165 - Bleu de gardénia

Origin

Gardenia Blue is a natural blue food colorant derived from the fruits of the *Gardenia jasminoides* plant. The pigment is extracted and processed to create a stable and water-soluble colorant. The primary coloring compounds are iridoid glycosides, specifically geniposide, which is then enzymatically converted to a blue pigment.

Usage

Gardenia Blue is used to impart a blue hue to a variety of food and beverage products. It is often used as a natural alternative to synthetic blue dyes like Brilliant Blue FCF (E133). Common applications include confectionery, beverages (especially soft drinks and alcoholic beverages), dairy products (yogurts, ice cream), processed fruits and vegetables, and baked goods. It's valued for its stability under various processing conditions, including heat and light, compared to some other natural blue colorants. The color shade can vary depending on the pH of the food matrix, tending towards a more greenish-blue in alkaline conditions.

Side Effects

Gardenia Blue is generally considered safe for consumption. There are no known significant side effects associated with its use as a food colorant. Studies have not revealed any toxicological concerns at the levels typically used in food products. However, as with any food additive, there is always a potential for allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, although such reactions are rare. No ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) has been specifically established for Gardenia Blue by major regulatory bodies like EFSA or JECFA, indicating its low toxicity profile.

Regulatory Status

Gardenia Blue is approved for use as a food colorant in many countries, including the European Union (EU) under the E number E165. Its use is also permitted in the United States, Japan, and other regions. Regulations typically specify maximum permitted levels in various food categories to ensure safety and prevent excessive coloration. The specific regulations and permitted uses may vary slightly from country to country.