E170i - Carbonate de calcium

Origin

Calcium carbonate (E170i) is a naturally occurring mineral found in rocks in all parts of the world and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snail shells, coal balls, pearls, and eggshells. It can be mined from limestone, chalk, and marble. It can also be produced synthetically by precipitation from calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide.

Usage

In the food industry, calcium carbonate serves multiple purposes. It is used as an anticaking agent, color, firming agent, flour treatment agent, acidity regulator, and stabilizer. It is commonly added to baked goods, cereals, dairy products, and beverages. It can also be used as a source of calcium fortification. In pharmaceutical applications, it is used as an antacid and calcium supplement. The typical usage levels vary depending on the application, but are usually within the range permitted by regulations.

Side Effects

Calcium carbonate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as intended in food. Excessive consumption of calcium carbonate can lead to hypercalcemia, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and in severe cases, kidney stones. However, these effects are rare at the levels typically used in food. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has not established a numerical Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for calcium carbonate, indicating its low toxicity at normal consumption levels.

Regulatory Status

Calcium carbonate (E170i) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. It is also approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is considered GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) under 21 CFR Part 184.1199. The specific conditions of use and maximum levels are defined in the respective regulations.