E342 - Phosphates d'ammonium

Origin

Ammonium phosphate refers to a group of inorganic salts formed from ammonia and phosphoric acid. These salts include monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and triammonium phosphate. They are produced through the reaction of ammonia with phosphoric acid under controlled conditions. The specific salt formed depends on the ratio of ammonia to phosphoric acid used in the reaction.

Usage

In the food industry, ammonium phosphate is primarily used as a leavening agent, dough strengthener, and pH regulator. It can be found in baked goods, where it helps to improve the texture and rise of the product. It also serves as a nutrient for yeast in bread making. Furthermore, it can be used as a buffering agent to control the acidity or alkalinity of food products. In fertilizers, it provides both nitrogen and phosphorus, essential nutrients for plant growth. It is also used in fire retardants and some industrial applications.

Side Effects

Ammonium phosphate is generally considered safe for consumption when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has not established a numerical Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for ammonium phosphates, indicating a low level of concern regarding its safety at typical usage levels. However, excessive consumption of phosphates, in general, may contribute to imbalances in mineral metabolism, particularly in individuals with impaired kidney function. Some studies suggest a potential link between high phosphate intake and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, although more research is needed to confirm these findings. Individuals with kidney problems should consult with their healthcare provider regarding phosphate intake.

Regulatory Status

Ammonium phosphate is permitted for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States and those within the European Union. Regulations specify the conditions under which it can be used, including maximum levels in certain food categories. In the EU, it is designated as E342. The FDA considers ammonium phosphate as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.