E1520 - Propylene Glycol

Origin

Propylene glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water. It is designated as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Propylene glycol is produced by treating propylene with chlorine water to form propylene chlorohydrin, which is then converted to propylene glycol by treatment with sodium carbonate solution. It can also be obtained from petroleum derivatives.

Usage

Propylene glycol has a wide range of applications. In foods, it is used as a humectant, solvent, and preservative. It helps to maintain moisture in foods, dissolve flavors and colors, and inhibit the growth of microorganisms. It is found in baked goods, soft drinks, salad dressings, and other processed foods. It is also used as a carrier for flavors and fragrances. In pharmaceuticals, it is used as a solvent and humectant in oral, topical, and injectable formulations. In cosmetics, it is used as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is also used in antifreeze and de-icing solutions.

Side Effects

Propylene glycol is generally considered safe for use in foods and cosmetics. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-25 mg/kg body weight. High doses of propylene glycol can cause central nervous system depression and kidney damage. Allergic reactions are rare, but have been reported. The FDA considers propylene glycol GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Regulatory Status

Propylene glycol is approved for use as a food additive in the United States, European Union, and other countries. Regulations vary by region, specifying maximum levels in certain food categories. In the EU, it is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives.