二酸化炭素

Origin

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring gas found in the Earth's atmosphere and is a product of respiration and combustion. Industrially, it is often obtained as a byproduct of various processes, including ammonia production, lime production, and fermentation. It can also be captured from the air or from flue gases.

Usage

In the food industry, carbon dioxide has several applications. It is primarily used as a propellant and packaging gas. As a propellant, it is used to dispense products like whipped cream and aerosols. As a packaging gas, it helps to extend the shelf life of food products by displacing oxygen, thereby inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms and preventing oxidation. Carbon dioxide is also used to carbonate beverages, giving them their characteristic fizz. Additionally, it is used in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to preserve the freshness of fruits, vegetables, and meats. It is also used in the supercritical fluid extraction process for decaffeinating coffee.

Side Effects

Carbon dioxide is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for its intended uses in food. At high concentrations, it can cause asphyxiation by displacing oxygen in the air. However, the levels used in food applications are not considered to pose a significant health risk. There is no established ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for carbon dioxide, as it is a natural component of the atmosphere and a product of human metabolism. Ingestion of large amounts of carbonated beverages may cause bloating or discomfort in some individuals, but this is not considered a serious side effect.

Regulatory Status

Carbon dioxide (E290) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, it is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. The FDA in the US considers it GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. There are no specific limitations on its use, provided it is used in the minimum quantity necessary to achieve its intended technological effect.