E160bi - Annatto bixin

Origin

Annatto bixin is a natural food coloring derived from the seeds of the annatto tree (Bixa orellana). The annatto tree is native to tropical regions of the Americas. Bixin is the primary pigment extracted from the seed coat. The extraction process typically involves using solvents or vegetable oils to isolate the bixin from the seeds. The resulting extract is then processed to obtain a purified form of bixin.

Usage

Annatto bixin is widely used as a food coloring agent, providing a yellow-orange to reddish hue depending on the concentration and the food matrix. It is commonly found in dairy products (such as cheese, butter, and yogurt), processed meats, snack foods, baked goods, and beverages. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Bixin is oil-soluble, making it suitable for coloring fatty foods. It is valued for its ability to impart a natural color and enhance the visual appeal of food products. The color is relatively stable to heat but can be affected by light and oxidation.

Side Effects

Annatto extracts, including bixin, are generally considered safe for consumption. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-2.5 mg/kg body weight for annatto extracts expressed as bixin. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to annatto, although such reactions are rare. Symptoms can include skin rashes, itching, and, in very rare cases, anaphylaxis. Studies suggest that annatto may trigger reactions in individuals sensitive to salicylates. Overall, annatto bixin is considered a safe food additive when used within the established ADI.

Regulatory Status

Annatto bixin is approved for use as a food coloring in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the United States, it is regulated under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). In the European Union, it is designated as E160b(i). Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have evaluated the safety of annatto extracts and have established guidelines for its use in food products.