E214 - Phb-ester (ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoat)

Origin

Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, also known as ethylparaben, is a paraben and a synthetic preservative. It is derived from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which can be found naturally but is commercially produced synthetically. Parabens are esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Usage

Ethylparaben is used as a preservative in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and molds. In food, it helps to extend shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth that can cause spoilage. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to enhance its effectiveness. Typical applications include baked goods, beverages, jams, and processed fruits and vegetables. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated the safety of parabens, including ethylparaben, for use as food additives.

Side Effects

Parabens, including ethylparaben, have been studied for their potential estrogenic effects. While they exhibit some estrogenic activity, it is significantly weaker than that of natural estrogen. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to parabens, particularly in cosmetic applications, leading to contact dermatitis. The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) has assessed the safety of parabens in cosmetics. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) for parabens as a group is 0-10 mg/kg body weight, according to EFSA. However, specific regulations and permitted levels vary by region and application.

Regulatory Status

Ethylparaben is permitted for use as a food preservative in many countries, including those in the European Union, where it is assigned the E number E214. Regulations specify the maximum permitted levels in different food categories. The FDA also regulates the use of parabens in food and cosmetics in the United States. The regulatory status and permitted uses are subject to periodic review and updates based on new scientific evidence.