E331ii - Dinatriumcitrat

Origin

Disodium citrate (E331ii) is a sodium salt of citric acid. It is produced commercially by the neutralization of citric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. Citric acid itself is typically produced by the fermentation of sugars, often using *Aspergillus niger*.

Usage

Disodium citrate is widely used in the food and beverage industry primarily as a buffering agent, pH regulator, emulsifier, and sequestrant. It helps to control the acidity of foods, preventing spoilage and maintaining a consistent flavor profile. It is also used to improve the texture of processed cheeses, preventing them from becoming oily or grainy. In beverages, it can contribute to tartness and enhance flavor. Furthermore, it acts as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes and is used in some pharmaceuticals.

Side Effects

Disodium citrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory bodies like the FDA. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 'not specified,' meaning that, based on available data, the intake of disodium citrate at levels necessary to achieve the desired technological effect in food does not represent a health concern. However, excessive consumption of citrate salts may lead to mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. Individuals with kidney problems should exercise caution, as high citrate intake can affect mineral balance.