E363 - Bernsteinsäure

Origin

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH₂)₂(CO₂H)₂. It is naturally occurring in plant and animal tissues and is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), a crucial metabolic pathway in most living organisms. Commercially, it can be produced through fermentation of sugars or by chemical synthesis from petroleum-derived precursors.

Usage

In the food industry, succinic acid is used as a flavouring agent and acidulant. It contributes a slightly acidic and somewhat bitter taste. It is also used as a buffering agent and a neutralizer. Succinic acid can be found in beverages, processed foods, and baked goods. It is also used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Its buffering properties make it useful in controlling the pH of food products. The typical usage levels are determined by the desired flavour profile and pH control needed in the specific application.

Side Effects

Succinic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory bodies when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. No significant adverse effects have been reported with its use as a food additive at typical concentrations. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort if consumed in very large quantities, but this is rare. There is no established ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) since it is considered safe at current usage levels.

Regulatory Status

Succinic acid (E363) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union. It is also permitted in the United States under GRAS status. Regulatory bodies like the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) have evaluated its safety and established guidelines for its use in food products.