E365 - Natriumfumarat

Origin

Sodium fumarate is the sodium salt of fumaric acid, an organic dicarboxylic acid. Fumaric acid is naturally found in many plants and is also produced by the human body during the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle). Commercially, sodium fumarate is synthesized through chemical processes involving the neutralization of fumaric acid with a sodium base.

Usage

Sodium fumarate is primarily used as an acidity regulator and flavor enhancer in the food industry. It helps to control the pH of food products, preventing spoilage and maintaining desired textures. It can be found in baked goods, beverages, processed fruits, and vegetables. It is also used as a component in some pharmaceutical formulations. In some cases, it is used as an alternative to tartaric acid or citric acid. Its buffering capacity makes it useful in applications where a stable pH is required. The typical usage levels vary depending on the application, but are generally within the range of 0.1% to 1%.

Side Effects

Sodium fumarate is generally considered safe for consumption at levels typically used in food. Fumaric acid and its salts are natural components of human metabolism. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has not established a numerical Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for fumaric acid and its salts, indicating a low level of concern regarding its safety at normal consumption levels. However, excessive consumption of fumarates may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals. There is no strong evidence to suggest that sodium fumarate is carcinogenic or teratogenic. Individuals with known sensitivities to fumaric acid should avoid products containing sodium fumarate.

Regulatory Status

Sodium fumarate is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the European Union, it is designated as E365. Its use is regulated by specific food additive regulations that define the permitted levels and applications. The FDA considers it Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. Regulatory bodies continuously monitor the safety of food additives and may revise regulations based on new scientific evidence.