E491 - Sorbitanmonostearat

Origin

Sorbitan monostearate (E491) is a nonionic surfactant produced by the esterification of sorbitol with stearic acid. Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol, and stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid commonly derived from vegetable or animal fats. The commercial product is typically a mixture of sorbitan esters, with sorbitan monostearate being the major component.

Usage

E491 is primarily used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener in a variety of food products. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients, preventing separation and maintaining a consistent texture. Common applications include baked goods (cakes, bread), chocolate and confectionery, icings, whipped toppings, processed fruits and vegetables, and low-fat spreads. It is also used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.

Side Effects

Sorbitan monostearate is generally considered safe for consumption at permitted levels. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of "not limited," meaning that, based on available data, the additive does not pose a health risk at levels necessary to achieve its intended technological effect in food. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating or diarrhea, if consumed in very large quantities. However, such effects are rare at typical usage levels. No significant adverse effects have been reported in scientific literature at levels relevant to food additive use.

Regulatory Status

Sorbitan monostearate (E491) is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union (EU), the United States, and Canada. Regulations specify the maximum permitted levels in various food categories. In the EU, it is subject to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. In the United States, it is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) under FDA regulations, specifically 21 CFR 172.842.