E551 - Siliciumdioxid

Origin

Silicon dioxide (SiO2), also known as silica, is a naturally occurring compound found abundantly in the Earth's crust. It exists in various forms, including crystalline and amorphous. The silicon dioxide used as a food additive (E551) is typically synthetic amorphous silica, produced through processes like vapor-phase hydrolysis or precipitation. This synthetic form is preferred for its purity and controlled particle size.

Usage

E551 is primarily used as an anti-caking agent in food products. It prevents powders and granular materials from clumping together, ensuring free flow and ease of handling during manufacturing and storage. Common applications include powdered foods like spices, salt, sugar, instant coffee, powdered milk, and baking powder. It can also be found in some processed foods as a carrier for flavors and colors. The typical usage levels are kept low, usually below 2% of the food product's weight. EFSA has re-evaluated the safety of silicon dioxide and concluded that there is no safety concern for the reported uses and use levels.

Side Effects

Silicon dioxide is generally considered safe for consumption. Studies have shown that it is poorly absorbed by the body and is largely excreted in the feces. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established a group ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) of 'not specified' for silicon dioxide when used as a food additive, meaning that no adverse health effects are expected at the levels typically consumed in food. However, some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort if they consume very large quantities. Concerns have been raised about the potential inhalation of nano-sized silicon dioxide particles, but these concerns are primarily related to occupational exposure and not to food consumption. The particle size of E551 used in food is typically larger than nano-size.

Regulatory Status

Silicon dioxide (E551) is permitted for use as a food additive in many countries, including the European Union, the United States, and Canada. In the EU, it is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. In the United States, it is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under 21 CFR 182.90. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has also evaluated silicon dioxide and established an ADI of 'not specified'.