E336 - Tartrates de potassium

Origin

Potassium tartrates are salts of tartaric acid. Tartaric acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found in many plants, particularly grapes. Potassium bitartrate (also known as cream of tartar) is a byproduct of winemaking, crystallizing out of grape juice during fermentation. Potassium tartrate and potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt) are also derived from tartaric acid.

Usage

Potassium tartrates are used in the food industry primarily as acidity regulators, stabilizers, and leavening agents. Potassium bitartrate, in particular, is commonly used in baking to stabilize egg whites, increase their volume, and prevent sugar crystallization. It is also used as a component of baking powder. Potassium tartrate and potassium sodium tartrate can be used as emulsifiers and sequestrants. They are found in a variety of food products, including baked goods, processed fruits, and beverages. They are also used in pharmaceuticals and various industrial applications.

Side Effects

Potassium tartrates are generally considered safe for consumption. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 'not specified', meaning that, based on available data, the intake of potassium tartrates from food does not represent a health concern. High doses may have a laxative effect due to the potassium content. Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort with very high intakes, but this is rare at levels typically found in food. No significant allergic reactions or other adverse effects have been consistently linked to potassium tartrates at normal consumption levels.

Regulatory Status

Potassium tartrates are approved for use as food additives in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, they are designated with the E number E336. Regulations specify the permitted uses and maximum levels in various food categories. The FDA considers potassium bitartrate as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.