E904 - Gomme-laque

Origin

Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug, *Kerria lacca* (Order Hemiptera, Family Kerriidae), on trees in the forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes, which are dissolved in ethanol to make liquid shellac, which is used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze and wood finish. Shellac is a natural resin and is not synthetically produced.

Usage

In the food industry, shellac is used as a glazing agent to provide a shiny coating to confectionery, chocolate, and fruit. It is also used as a coating for time-release medications. Its primary function is to improve the appearance and shelf life of products by reducing moisture loss. The typical usage levels vary depending on the application, but it is generally used in small quantities to achieve the desired effect. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as a film former.

Side Effects

Shellac is generally considered safe for consumption. It is poorly absorbed by the human body, and most of it is excreted. Allergic reactions are rare but possible, especially in individuals with sensitivities to other resins or natural substances. There is no established ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for shellac, indicating that it is considered to have low toxicity at levels typically consumed. However, excessive consumption is not recommended. Some individuals may experience mild digestive discomfort.

Regulatory Status

Shellac is approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada. In the EU, it is designated as E904. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the United States considers shellac to be Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. The regulatory status reflects the long history of safe use and the low potential for adverse effects.