E161i - Citranaxanthin

Origin

Citranaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that is synthesized chemically. It does not occur naturally in significant quantities in plants or animals, unlike many other carotenoids. It is derived from chemical processes involving citrus-derived compounds, hence the name.

Usage

Citranaxanthin is used as a food coloring agent, providing a yellow to orange hue. It is primarily employed in products where a stable, synthetic carotenoid is desired. Applications include: * **Food:** Coloring for beverages, confectionery, baked goods, and processed foods to enhance visual appeal. * **Animal Feed:** Used to enhance the color of egg yolks and the skin of poultry, as well as in aquaculture to improve the pigmentation of fish. Citranaxanthin is oil-soluble, which makes it suitable for use in fat-containing food products. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated its safety for use as a food additive.

Side Effects

As a synthetic carotenoid, citranaxanthin has been subjected to toxicological evaluations. EFSA has established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-0.5 mg/kg body weight. At levels exceeding the ADI, potential side effects are not well-documented due to limited human studies. However, excessive intake of carotenoids in general can lead to carotenodermia, a harmless yellowing of the skin. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. It is important to adhere to regulatory limits to minimize any potential risks.

Regulatory Status

Citranaxanthin (E161i) is permitted for use as a food additive in the European Union, subject to specific purity criteria and conditions of use. The European Commission establishes maximum levels for its use in various food categories. Other countries and regions may have their own regulations regarding its use. It is approved for use in animal feed in many jurisdictions to enhance product color.