E238 - Calcium formiate

Origin

Calcium formate (E238) is the calcium salt of formic acid. It is produced synthetically by reacting calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) with formic acid. It can also be obtained as a byproduct in the production of pentaerythritol. Its chemical formula is Ca(HCOO)₂.

Usage

In the food industry, calcium formate is used as a preservative. It inhibits the growth of spoilage microorganisms, particularly bacteria and molds, thereby extending the shelf life of food products. It is commonly found in bread, baked goods, and processed meats. It also serves as an animal feed additive, promoting gut health and acting as a preservative. Furthermore, calcium formate is used in the construction industry as an accelerator for the setting of cement and mortar. It can also be used in the leather industry as a tanning agent.

Side Effects

Calcium formate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated calcium formate and concluded that it does not pose a significant health risk at the levels typically used in food. No ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) has been specifically established. However, as with any food additive, excessive consumption could potentially lead to gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. Individuals with known allergies to formates should avoid products containing calcium formate.

Regulatory Status

Calcium formate (E238) is approved for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU). Its use is regulated by specific EU directives that outline the permitted food categories and maximum usage levels. It is also approved for use in animal feed. The regulatory status in other countries, such as the United States, may vary. While not explicitly listed as a direct food additive in the FDA CFR 21, its GRAS status allows for its use under specific conditions.