E503ii - Ammonium hydrogen carbonate

Origin

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (E503ii), also known as ammonium bicarbonate, is an inorganic compound belonging to the class of inorganic salts. It is produced synthetically by combining carbon dioxide and ammonia in aqueous solution. The resulting solution is then crystallized to obtain the solid ammonium bicarbonate. It is a white crystalline powder or a colorless solid with a slight ammonia odor.

Usage

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate is primarily used as a leavening agent in baked goods, particularly in flat baked goods like cookies and crackers. When heated, it decomposes into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. The carbon dioxide acts as a raising agent, creating a light and porous texture. It is also used in the production of ammonium salts, pharmaceuticals, and as a buffering agent. In the food industry, it is often used in combination with other leavening agents. It can also be used as a component in fire extinguishing compounds, in the textile industry, and in the manufacture of porous plastics and rubber.

Side Effects

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate is generally considered safe for consumption when used in appropriate amounts as a food additive. The ammonia produced during decomposition is typically driven off during baking. However, excessive intake can lead to mild gastrointestinal discomfort. There is no established Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for ammonium hydrogen carbonate, as it is considered to pose a low risk to human health when used as intended. Individuals with kidney or liver problems should exercise caution, as excessive ammonia production may exacerbate these conditions. No significant allergic reactions have been reported in connection with its use as a food additive.

Regulatory Status

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (E503ii) is permitted for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) under the conditions specified in Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives. It is also approved for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) substance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. Its use is also regulated in other countries, with varying restrictions and limitations depending on local regulations.